Using RF Technology for Counter-UAS

In a previous post, we introduced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). In another post, we explored some of the opportunities and challenges facing unmanned operations in the defense sector. In this post, we talk more about the security risks that come with unmanned technology, as well as introduce JEM Engineering’s solution for mitigating these risks.

UAS, while offering numerous benefits across various sectors, also present several security challenges.

1. Privacy Invasion. As we explained in a previous post, some UAS are equipped with cameras and sensors, allowing them to survey and inspect infrastructure. Unfortunately, the same equipment can conduct unauthorized surveillance, infringing on individual and organizational privacy. Additionally, UAS can collect sensitive data during their operations. If not properly secured, this data can be intercepted or hacked, leading to privacy breaches.

2. Physical Security Threats. Due to their size, UAS can easily bypass physical barriers, entering restricted or sensitive areas such as military bases, airports, and private properties. Adding to the security threat is the fact that UAS can be used to smuggle contraband across borders, or into secure facilities.

3. Operational Security Risks. We previously explained that UAS is a system that comprises of the UAV, its human pilot on the ground, and the operating system in place that connects the two of them. This means that the command and control links between the UAS and its operator must be secured to prevent unauthorized access and control. Furthermore, UAS often transmit sensitive data back to base stations. Ensuring the security of these transmissions is critical to prevent data breaches.

4. Cybersecurity Risks. The communication links used for control and navigation can be intercepted or spoofed, leading to hijacking or disruption of UAS operations. UAS systems can also be targeted by malware or hacking attacks, potentially gaining unauthorized control or disrupting their functions. Read more about why it’s becoming increasingly more important to enhance RF security measures…

5. Safety Hazards. As with all airborne technology, there is always collision risk involved when operating UAS. Such collisions can result in loss of life, as well as damage to critical infrastructure, such as power lines, communication towers, and traffic control systems.

6. Weaponization. UAS can be weaponized for targeted attacks on individuals or assets, especially in high-profile or high-risk environments.

7. Integration with Other Systems. Because of the safety hazards they pose, it’s ideal for UAS to be integrated with existing air traffic management and security systems. However, this process can be complex and never-ending, posing challenges in maintaining seamless and secure operations.

8. Vulnerability to Jamming and Electronic Warfare. UAS are susceptible to jamming and electronic warfare tactics, which can disrupt their operations or render them inoperative.

By proactively addressing these security challenges, we can harness the benefits of UAS while mitigating their associated risks.

However, addressing the security challenges associated with UAS requires a comprehensive approach that includes developing robust regulatory frameworks, enhancing detection and mitigation technologies, securing communication and data transmission, and encouraging between public and private sectors.

As we know, the RF industry and the defense industry are closely connected through several key areas, including communications, radar systems, electronic warfare, and intelligence gathering. Both industries share many goals and challenges, including component miniaturization, lowering costs, and adapting existing technology for more uses.

An innovator in the RF industry, JEM Engineering develops low-cost, multi-mode counter-UAS systems.

For several years, JEM Engineering has developed active electronically steered array (AESA) technology, which can be used to detect, track, identify, and potentially defeat the threat of small UAS. JEM’s cylindrical AESA is customizable to operate in three modes: as a broadband receiver, as a radar, and as a modulated electronic warfare transmitter.

1. Passive RF mode detects and tracks data link RF Emissions of UAS, including bearing and elevation angle data, which may be used to cue other equipment, such as cameras or weapons, or to engage other features

2. Active radar mode detects, locates, tracks, and ranges small UAS. It can also detect fully autonomous, or non-radiating UAS.

3. Active EW mode places a high-gain, high-power RF beam on target UAS to interrupt its command and control communications and/or GNSS navigation.

AESAs autonomous operation capability makes them suitable for protection of critical infrastructure, such as airports, power stations, and ports. With a small and man-portable form factor, JEM’s AESAs are ideal for mounting on a vehicle, or fixed-site installation on a mast or a building. They can be integrated with other systems, such as cameras or weapons, while also sending detection and tracking data to operators using handheld devices or laptops.

For more information about JEM Engineering’s AESA technology, or custom RF solutions, email sales@jemengineering.com.

6. Regulatory and Compliance Pressures:

• Regulatory Requirements. Governments and regulatory bodies are increasingly mandating stricter security measures for RF communication systems to protect national security and consumer privacy.
• Industry Standards. Compliance with industry standards (e.g., NIST, GDPR) requires robust RF security measures, pushing organizations to enhance their security.

7. Economic Implications:

• Potential for Financial Losses. Security breaches in RF systems can lead to significant financial losses due to downtime, data breaches, as well as damage to an entity’s reputation.
• Insurance Costs: Companies may face higher insurance premiums if they do not adequately secure their RF communications, further driving the need for robust security measures.

The increasing reliance on RF communications across various sectors, coupled with the rising sophistication of threats and regulatory demands, creates critical need for enhanced RF security measures. Protecting these communications is essential to safeguard critical infrastructure, maintain public safety, ensure economic stability, and defend against both current and emerging threats. In the next post, we will talk further about RF security measures and techniques.